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History of lasers

Started with the Ruby laser



The history of lasers goes back to the early 1900's when Albert Einstein described the process of stimulated emission of energy. Physical matter can be thought of as light in its solid form.


What Is a LASER?

A laser is a device that converts some form of energy (usually electrical) into optical energy.

The energy is generated by an intense beam of light.

This intense beam of light can be any of several different pure colors.

The process of stimulated emission begins the amplification of energy. The resonator does most of the work to get the intensity up to high levels by means of excitation of the electrons.

LASER therefore is the acronym for :

L - Light
A - Amplification by the
S - Stimulated
E - Emission of
R - Radiation



It is important to understand that laser radiation is not associated with the hazards of ionizing radiation that is present with an X-ray machine.

Ionization takes place when an electron is knocked completely out of the atom during the excitation phase when it reaches levels lower than 350nm.

All of the knocked electron's energy is then given either to an electron (photo-ionization) or part of the energy is given to the photon, while the remainder goes to a lower energy photon.

History of Lasers : Cut-away of Ruby Laser


Luckily lasers are inherently inefficient. That means energy must be supplied to start the process. An excitation mechanism (energy source) is needed to pump the active medium (solid, gas, liquid or electronic) to achieve population inversion.

The exact nature of light still isn't understood, it exhibits characteristics of both discrete particles (photons) and waves.

The human eye can only see visible light of the electromagnetic spectrum. This is from 385nm (nanometer) in the violet range, to 760nm in the deep red range. Think of a rainbow.

Whenever the motion of an electron is changed, it will emit energy. Two things can happen with this energy.

The energy of matter can be tapped in an uncontrolled manner, such as a nuclear explosion, or its energy can be finessed out as with a laser device.


What is the history of lasers?

Albert Einstein described the history of lasers The process of stimulated emission was originally described by Albert Einstein in the early 1900s. He described the process as the mechanism whereby photovoltaic materials produced electrical current from light.

It wasn't until the 1950s that Arthur Schawlow and Charles Townes wrote a paper on optical emission based on Einstein's theories.

Theodore Maimon helped to create the history of lasers when he created the first laser in 1960 from a small ruby rod. This was the "grandfather" of the laser currently known as the ruby laser (see image above).

The laser hair removal machine only came later when it was discovered that the laser machine could be used for photo epilation.

Leon Goldman M.D. should be considered as the "father" of lasers for his pioneering work in bringing laser technology to the field of medicine. He also acted as a catalyst to promote the development of medical laser applications.


Who invented the word LASER?


Gordon Gould takes credit for inventing the word for the history of lasers. He was a student of Charles Townes. Gould proposed and drew up plans for a laser device long before Theodore Maimon built his ruby laser. Unluckily Gould procrastinated with his patent application, but Maimon didn't.

Years later Gould went to court and gained the legal rights to the patent on the LASER. Theodore Maimon holds the patent on the Ruby Laser.


Laser light characteristics


MASERS or microwave amplifiers were developed in 1954 by Arthur Schawlow and Charles Townes for the output of coherent microwave radiation. The paper these two men subsequently wrote, was a theoretical one to see if this process could be extended into visible light wavelengths.

According to the history of lasers it was called "Optical Masers" at first. Laser light is unique because it is:
  1. Coherent - wave patterns are locked in the same phase in powerful, orderly rows with exactly the same peaks and troughs which increases the brightness of the light and provides mathematical orderliness to the pattern;
  2. Collimated - stays together as a tight beam of light with very little divergence or spread, it allows the power to be retained wholly within the beam and does not fade with distance as the case is with conventional light sources eg flashlight;
  3. Monochromatic - produces pure colors of light, but it doesn't necessarily mean that only one color is produced. Different colors have different applications.


The more you get to know about lasers, the more you understand that geniality was needed to develop the concept of a laser! From there onwards the inventors could simply add onto the original concept thought out by Einstein.



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